Even with a fresh installation of WSUS and configuring updates through the GPO, you may find that there is no connection to the WSUS server.
The reason lies in the instructions for configuring the GPO for WSUS from Microsoft.
The warning indicates that it is not necessary to register the connection port, but it does not indicate that it is necessary to register the full server name.
Specify the fully qualified server name and update policies via Windows PowerShell: enter gpupdate and press Enter.